System of electrical distribution.



PATENTED APR. 28, 1908.

" A. s. HUBBARD.

SYSTEM OF ELECTRICAL DISTRIBUTION.

APPLICATION FILED AUG. 24, 1905.

4 SHEBTB-SHEB'I' 1.

No. 885,755. PATENTED' APR. 2 ,1808.

A.S.HUBBARD SYSTEM OF ELECTRICAL DISTRIBUTION.

APPLICATION FILED AUG.24, 1905.

El i fFitfiE, 1 4

4 SHEETS-SKEET 2.

- PATENTED Hit (28,1908;

A. s. HUBBARD.

SYSTEM OF ELECTRICAL DI S'IRIBUTION.

APPLICATION TILED AUG. 24, 1905.-

' 4 SHEETS-SHEETS.

No. 885,755. PATENTED APR. 28, 1908.

A. s. HUBBARD. I SYSTEM OF ELECTRICAL DISTRIBUTION.

APPLICATION FILED AUG-.24, 1905.

4 SHEETS-SHEET 4."

{Time in Miami A.M.

Q Q Q Q wi t-Memes W" 3 %4 81 WM05, %r%m m4 I cation.

- generating, storing, and distributing system.v

UNITED,- sTArr-Es P TEnT OFFICE.

ALBERT s. HUBBARD, or BELLEVILLE, NEW'JERSEY, assienoa ro GOULD STORAGE BATTERY'COMBANY, A CORPORATION OF NEW roar SYSTEM or ELECTRICAL nrs'rnmir'non.

n 885,755. .Original application filed June 24, 1903, Serial Improvements in Systems o'f Electrica-l Distribution, of which the following is a specifi- This invention relates to improvements in systems of distribution, and particularly toa involving the use of a storage apparatus, a booster and. regulating devices therefor.

This application is a division of my applieationSerial No. 162,845 ,'filed June 24th, 1903- and a continuation of my application No, 23,013, filed Nov. 23d, 1904.

T he object of the present invention is, in a distribution system of the character above described, to provide means to accommodate and regulate all parts of the system in accordance with changes in average load occurring during a given'period, such for instance as.

take place in the course ofa day, during portions of which. the average demant upon the generators is light, and other portions when the demand 1s heav1er,--an.d still other portions when the average demand is at. the

maxhnuni, and to preserve the automatic action oi the regulatmg devices in each of the average load changes.

In systems of the character referred to, it is usually desired to have the battery float at a given average load and to charge and discharge with fluctuations below and above that load, this result being obtained bymeans of a booster which responds to the load fluctuations. This regulating effect of the booster. is generally obtained by causing its field to be responsive to the load fluctuations, so that with a current in the booster field winding proportional to the average load, the booster will cause the battery to float. .When there is a considerable variation in the average load, as for instance, in s stems used for traction purposes in which t \e average-load may be '150 amperes for one portion of the day, 300'an1peres for anothcrf.

portion and; 450 amperes for still another por-. tlon, the ordinary regulating devices do not permit of the range and fineness of regulation re ulred to accommodate-the system to these d i erent average loads.

' Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented April 28, 1908.

No. 162,845. Divided and tliin application filed August 24, 1905. Serial No. 275,501. a

' My invention has for its object to provide means whereby such regulation may be obtained at each of the different average loads which a system may be called upon to sustain. p

The accompanyingdrawing represents a system of installation embodying myinvention.

Figure 1 representssuch a system diagrammatieaily. I i

modifications thereof. Fig. 4 is a 0 art representing, as an example, the changes in load day from seven a. m. tosix' p. m., and the riod. 3

Referring to Fig. 1: 1, 1 represent the dynamos with their field coils 2, 2,-the said dynamos being connected to the bus-bars 3, 3 4, 4 represent the mains for supplying a lighting or power circuit including translating devices such as,'{, 5. he stora e battery fi, having regulating or" end cel s 6', is connected across the mains'4, 4 in a circuit 7, which includes the armature 8 of the booster. Thebooster armature is driven at desiredspeed by suitable connection from any convenient source of power. A counterelectromotive force generator such as a motor, also connected to run at desired speed, has its armature 9 connected in a circuit 10, which includes therein the 'i eld ma net coil 11 of the booster. This cc.l 11, therefore, always has current that is proportional to the difference between, or the resultant of, the potential differences across the circuit 4, 4 and across the armature 9. A regulatdesired adjustments of this field. A circuitbreaker 16 is provided in this circuit and a resistance 17 is connected across the break of the circuit-breaker The field-magnet of the motor or counter-electromotive force generator is provided with a coil 13 consup'plied blvthe generatm, being included, for exam 'e, in. connection 14 between a dynamo us-bar 3- and the corresponding side 4 .of the consumption or work circuit. Ihe efi'ect of this winding can be varied b shunts 20 and shunt switches 21. The field magnet of the counter-electromotive-force generator is also provided withv a second occurring, during the different portions of a' changes in average load during the same pe-- nected so as' to be traversed by the.current.

gs. 2 and 3 show res ectively ingrheostat 12 is provided for securing the generator 9, rheostat 18, reverser 19 and shunts 20, is just sufficient to balance the diilerence between the line electromotive force and the battery electromotive-force with the desired average load on the generators'l', 1, at any period. As the action of the counter-electromotive-force generator 9 is determined by the action of its fields, the electromotive force of the booster will be correspondingly fixed or determined to permit the battery to charge from and dischar e to the line in accordance with the changes rom the average generator load. This efl'ect of the ctmnter-electromotive-force generator is due to the fact that its strength of field is responsive to the generator load, since its field magnet coil is in series in the generator circuit. Every change of current, therefore, in the regulating coil, by varying the counter electromotive force of the armature 9 varies the resultant of the opposing potential differences, which variation produces a corresponding variation of current inthe booster field winding. Thus, assuming the battery to be charging and its electromotivc force equal to that of the line, then as the load on the generator increases the counter-electromotivc-force increases and the magnetization of the booster field is correspondingly changed, causing the battery to stop charging and to float or discharge. It will be understood that the battery electromotive force may be equal to greater or less than the line electromotiveforce as desired, the booster being designed and adjusted to correspond.

The function of the coils 13 and 16 on the field of the counter-electromotive-force machine-is as followsnAssuming the apparatus be excited so that the booster electromotiveforce assists the battery to discharge to the line; while decreasesof current in thesame coil, due to drop in the load, assists battery charge. The function of coil 13 is to put a limit on the change of generator load so that the same can not vary more than a predetermined amount.

By suitable adjustment of the strength of coils 13 or 15, or both, the number of amperes carried by the generators 1, 1, can be lncreased or decreased according to the number of generators running and the average load existing at that time. For instance, on the load curve shown in Fig. 4, the avera e load from 7 a. m. to 9 a. m. is sufficient y light to enable one generator to be run. The strength of coil 15' is, therefore, adjusted so that with an average current of 150 amperes through the coil 13, the battery will float. From nine a. m. to three p. m. for instance .(see Fig. 4) the average load has increased to 300 amperes, suflicient to re uire a second generator to be connected. he shuntcoil 15 and coils 20 under these conditions areadjusted so that the 300 amperes in coil'13 wi 1 cause the battery to float. From three p. m. to six p. m., the average load (see Fig. 4) has increased to 450 ampcres, requiring a third generator to be connected in circuit. At this time it may be desirable to give the battery a slight overcharge which can be accomplishedby adjusting the coil 15 so that with say 460 ainperes through coil 13 the battery will 'float.

The action of coil 15 under the various adjustments is due to the fact that the armature 9 of the counter-electromotive-force machine being driven at a known speed, or at a speed subject to known changes, gives rise to a counter-electromotive-force due to the stren th of its field as caused by the current in CO1 13; so that if a current be caused to Y therein reversed by means of the revcrser 19,

a greater amount of current must circulate through coil 13 to bring the voltage of 9 up to the proper point, so that in this case the load on generators 1,1 will be greater. Thus the armature 9 serves to control the current in the booster field winding and is itself auto-' matically affected by. its regulating coil 13 which is responsive to chan es in generator load; but 1t 15 also affected current in its field coil 15: The manual ad ustment of the current in this coil 15 alters the effect of coil 13 upon armature 9 and, therefore, upon the booster field winding which that armature controls, so that a given regulating current in the booster field windin will be obtained with a different strength 0 current incoil 13.

Again, if

' to permit the battery to float.

It will be understood that this regulating justed to produce zero current in the booster field for any desired current in the regulating coil, this being essential to the maintenance of the desired automatic regulation.

Rheostat 18 ermits of a certain range in adjustment an greater adjustments can be obtained by means of the shunts 20. The

rheostat 12 is provided so that increased external load on 4, 4, can be divided in difierent ratios between the battery and the generator,

I 17 are provided so that upon an increase of current in circuit 10 to the desired limit, the circuit-breaker 16 will open and the resistance]? being thus cut into circuit reduces the current of the line 10 and protects the field 11 and-the counter-e1ectromotive-force generator 9. I

In the modification shown in Fig. 2, the coil 15 is connected to the battery circuit through a connection 23, instead of being connected. directly across the mains 4, 4, as in Fig. I. By this arrangement the generators are made more responsive to battery requirements and conditions. In Fig. 3 is shown another modification in which the circuit 10 of the armature 9 ol. the counter-' electromotivetorce machine, after leaving the booster coil 11, is connected to the bat tery circuit; this arrangement causing the counteranachine 9 to be more responsive to the condition o1- the battery. The apparatus maybe made to operate with any average load on the generators, by suitably adjusting the strength and direction of current in the winding 15, and by the adjustment of shunts 20 to the winding 13. These examples show that the apparatus may be made to operate in connection with a battery of any voltage, the machine and windings being suitably proportioned.

llaving thus described my invention, the following is what I claim as new therein and desire to secure by Letters Patent:

1. In a system of electrical distribution, the combination with. a work circuit, genera tors for supplying the same, a s voragc battery and booster connected. to the work circuit in parallel with the generators, a field winding for said booster, a circuit including said booster field-winding connected in parallel with the generators and having substantially. constant E. M. F. in one direction, a counter E. M. F. generator in said circuit, means responsive to load fluctuations in the generator circuit for varying said counter E. M. F. and manually adjustable means for assisting or opposing the effect of the load fluctuations on the counter E. M. F. generator.

2. In a system of electrical distribution, the combination with a work circuit, generacuit, a booster in series to the battery, afieldsaid fie d-winding connected across the work circuit, a counter E. M; F. generator in said circuit, a field-winding for said counter E. M. F. generator in series with the-main generator, and a second field-windin for said counter E. M. F. generator, and means for causing said second iieldavinding to be cu mulative or differential in respect to theother field-winding.

3. Ina system of electrical distribution, /the combination with a work circuit, generators supplying the same, auxiliary devices comprising a storage battery connected to the work circuit and a booster for regulating the battery action, of a field-winding for said booster, means for causing variations of cur rent therein in accordance with the resultant of opposing potential differences,said means comprising a regulating coil responsive to generator load changes, apparatus acted upon by said regulating coilto vary said resultant oi potential differences, and an independent manually adjustable means for varying said resultant. Y

4. In a system of'electrical distribution, the combination of a work circuit, a generator supplying thesame, a storage battery in parallel with the generator and a booster in series with the battery, of a circuit connecting the battery and one side of the mains, a field-winding for the booster in said circuit, said field-winding being in parallel relation with the booster armature, an apparatus included in said circuit for regulating the effect on the booster field-winding between a positive and negative maximum value, a regulat ing coil in series with the generator, and m anually ad ustahle means actin g. j ointly with said regulating coil on said apparatus to control the same. i

5. In a system of electrical distribution, the combination of a work circuit, a generator supplying the same, auxiliary devices comprising a storage battery and booster inseries connected to the'work circuit in parallel with the generators, of a field-winding for the booster, a circuit connected. in parallel with the main circuit and including said field-- tors for supplying the same, a storage battery connected'in parallel with the work cirwindin for said booster, a circuit including i.

winding therein, automatically operating apparatus for causing said circuit to be neutral under normal loads and tohave a positive and ne 'ative E. M. F. under increase and decrease of load respectively, and a regulating coil responsive to generator loads and manually adjustable means cooperatively acting upon said apparatus.

6. n a system of electrical distribution, the combination of the work circuit, generators for supplying the same, auxiliary de-' vices comprismg a storage battery connected to the work circuit and a booster for regulating the battery action, means, to adjustthe load relation between the generator and the auxiliary devices to cause the generator to carry a given average load and the auxiliary devices to respond to fluctuations in said load, a field winding for the booster and means responsive to said fluctuation to vary the excitation of said booster field winding and means for adjusting the system to different load capacities, said means adjustable to act cumulatively or difl'erentially with said responsive means or to be inactive.

7. In a system of electrical distribution, the combination with a work circuit, generators supplying the same, auxiliary devices comprising a storage battery connected to the work circuit and a booster for regulating the battery action,a circuit of substantially constant electromotive force including the booster field therein, a source of counterelectromotive force in said circuit, means responsive to fluctuations in the load on the generator for regulating said counter-elec tromotive force and other means adjustable to act cumulatively or differentially with th said responsive means or to remain inactive whereby the system may be adjusted to different load capacities.

8. In a system of electrical distribution, the combination of a work circuit, a generator supplying the same, auxiliary devices comprising a storage battery and booster in series connected to the work circuit in )ar allel with the generators, of a field-wim ing for the booster, a circuit connected in parallel with the main circuit and including said field-winding therein, automatically operating apparatus for causing said circuit to be neutral under normal loads and to haven positive andnegative E. M. ll. under increase and decrease of load respecl ively, and

two controlling means cooperatively acting upon said apparatus, one of said means comprising a regulating coil responsive to changes in generator load and the other 'being manually adjustable to regulate and vary 'the effect 01' said coil. 1

9. A system of electrical distribution comprising a generator, a storage battery, and a work circuit connected therewith, a booster electromotive force generator having the booster field magnet in its armature circuit,

field windings for said counter-electromotive force generator, one of which is responsive to variations in load on the generator, and the other of which includes a reversing switch in its circuit whereby its action may be cumulative or differential with regard to. the first winding.

10. A system of electrical, distribution,

comprising a generator, a stora e battery, and a work clrcuit connected t erewith, a booster to regulate the battery action, a counter-electromotive force generator having the booster field-magnet 1n its armature circuit, field windings for said counter-electromotive force generator, one of which is responsive to variations in load on the generator, the other of which is connected across the work circuit and provided in. its circuit with a reverser.

11. A system of electrical distributiim comprising a generator, a storage battery, and a work circuit connected therewith, a

booster to regulate the battery action, a.

counter-electromotive force generator having the booster field-magnet in its armature responsive to variations in load on the generenerator havator and is provided with an adjustable resistance, and the other of which includes a reversing switch in its circuit whereby its ac tion may be cumulative or' differential with regard to the first winding.

13. A system of electrical distribution, comprising a generator, a storage battery and a booster in the battery circuit, a countcr-electromotive force generator connected in clreiut with the booster field magnet and responsive to load fluctuations on the generator to afl'ect the booster lield'strength on increase of load and permit battery discharge, and to permit battery charge on decrease of load, and a regulating device for. the

counter-electromotive force generator to ada just the same for different average loads,

said regulating device comprising-a second.

winding on the counter-electroniotive lorce generator.

14. A system of electrical distribution, comprising a work eircuit,-a generator, a

storage battery and booster, a counter-elec- I tromotive force generator having its armature in circuit with the booster field, two tion of current circulating ir id second coil field-umgnet coils for the counter-electroand-means for regulating the effect of each of H motive force generat01,,0ne of said coils consald coils.

nevted in the enerator circuit and res onsive to load fluctuations therein, the othcr of said ALBERT HUBBARD licld'mu-gnet coils connected with any con- Witnesses: Venlent source of substantially constant elec- HENRY O. WORKMAN, tic-motive force, means to reverse the airec- WM.- P. HAMMOND. 

